Video & Sound Production : Exercises

1.04.2022 -  (Week 1 - Week 4)
Angelyn Valencia / 0349573
Video & Sound Production / Bachelor of Design (Hons) in Creative Media
Exercises


LECTURES

Framing & Storyboard

  • Earliest Cinema
Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat (The Lumière Brothers, 1896). Audiences’ reaction: the film undoubtedly astonished people unaccustomed to the illusion created by moving images.

Figure 1.1 Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat

When the motion picture camera was invented; the shots were simple and straightforward. The filmmakers turned to dramatic presentations they called filmed plays (the camera is positioned as if it were a member of the audience seated in theatre).

L’Arroseur Arrosé or The Sprinkler Sprinkled is a silent comedy film from 1895, produced and directed by the Lumière brothers.

Figure 1.2 L’Arroseur Arrosé or The Sprinkler Sprinkled (1895)

  • CinematographyMotion picture/Film/Video is made up of many shots.
    • Each shot requires placing the camera in the best position for that particular moment in the narrative.
    • The shot is a continuous view shot by one camera without interruption.
    • Sequence is a series of scenes, or shots, complete in itself.
    • Scene defines the place or setting where the action is laid.
    • A scene may consist of series of shots or sequences depicting a continuous event
  • Shot Size
    • The shot size determines how large the area that’s visible within the frame. Extreme wide shot
    • Wide shot
      • A wide shot includes the entire subject and important objects in the immediate surroundings.
Figure 1.3 Wide Shot

    • Medium wide shot
    • Medium shot
      • A medium shot shows the subject that are important to understanding - Gesture and expression, from the person waist up, letting hands and the lower half of his body fall outside the frame.

Figure 1.4 Medium Shot
    • Medium close-up shot
      • Medium close-up films subject characters from approximately midway between waist and shoulders to above the head.

Figure 1.5 Medium Close-up Shot
    • Close-up shot
      • A close-up is used to isolate the most important part of the subject. For a speaker, this is generally the head, or small object. It emphasizes facial expression, details of a object.

Figure 1.6 Close-up Shot

    • Extreme close-up shot
      • An extreme close-up single out a portion of the face magnifies a detail. The object is to focus on important detail either to increase the drama or impact on a situation or to allow the viewer to see necessary picture information more clearly.

Figure 1.7 Extreme Close-up Shot

Camera Angle
Composition: Rule of thirds divides the frame into thirds both horizontally and vertically.


Figure 1.8 Rule of Thirds

These are the examples of the rule of thirds composition.

Figure 1.9 Examples Rule of Thirds

Composition: Subject angle. Facial modelling is best when subject is turned 45º (¾ angling) to the camera. Front and side of the face, if properly lighted will appear round and eyes are displayed fully.

Camera Angle: Subject Height. Camera height is as important as camera distance and angle but often disregarded.


Figure 1.10 Subject Height Camera Angle

Subject Height:
  • Eye-level: films from the eye level of an observer of average height or from the subject’s eye level
Figure 1.11 Eye-level Camera Angle

  • Low angle: any shot in which the camera is tilted upward to view the subject. Low angle shot can make a character look bigger, stronger, or more noble.
Figure 1.12 Low Angle Camera Angle

  • High-angle: any shot in which the camera is tilted downward to view the subject. A high-angle shot can make a character look smaller, younger, weak, confused, or more childlike.
Figure 1.13 High Angle Camera Angle

Screen Direction
  • Dynamic Screen Direction
Constant screen travel depicts subject motion in one direction only.

Figure 1.14 Screen Direction

Figure 1.15 Example Dynamic Screen Direction

  • Static Screen Direction: 
When planning shots with two characters, you need to understand the camera movement in relation to the 180º rule. The rule enforces the camera to stay on a horizontal axis and not cross-sections so that it will disorient the viewer. The horizontal axis is called the “ Line of Action”


Figure 1.16 Static Screen Direction

  • 180º Degree Rule:
If Camera 2 and Camera 4 are used, the audience crosses the line of action. It's disorienting and confusing.

INSTRUCTION

 


TASKS

Mints Exercise

Doritos Exercise


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